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CAMP’S 


_ 



MITCHELL’S SERIES OF OUTLINE MAPS, 


AND DESIGNED FOR 

PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND CLASSES. . 


BY 

DAVID N. CAMP, 

* e ' 

PRINCIPAL OF TI1E CONNECTICUT STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, AND STATE SUPERINTENDENT 

OF COMMON SC'HOOI S. 


HARTFORD: 

PUBLISHED BY O. D. CASE & COMPANY. 

CHICAGO: 

GEORGE SHERWOOD. 

1863. 






















Entered according to Act of Congress, in tlie year 1863, by 
0. D. CASE & CO., 

Tn the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of Connecticut. 


O. A. Al.VOUD. ELEOTROTYPKK AND PRINTER, NEW YORK. 



« < 













PREFACE. 


1.HE design of tins book is to assist the teacher in proper methods 
of instruction in Geography, both by oral lessons and with the text¬ 
book, and also to furnish the young pupil with such aid as is necessary 
to enable him to take the first steps in this interesting study. 

It is supposed that every child able to use a text-book, will have 
some knowledge of that portion of the earth which is around his own 
home, and that lie will also be able to express in language the quali¬ 
ties and relations of objects around him. He is supposed to have 
learned the meaning of such terms as up and down, right and left, 
Jong and short, far and near, &c. If not, these should be taught by 
illustrations, but they are preliminary to the study of Geography, not 
a part of it. The skillful teacher will endeavor to ascertain what the 
children already know of the earth and the objects upon it, and pro¬ 
ceeding from the known, or their own homes, will le&d them to ob¬ 
serve carefully objects in nature such as hills, plains, brooks, and rivers, 
to locate and describe them, and to notice the surface, soil, and pro¬ 
ductions of the country about them. 

This may be said to be the first step in Geography, and will consist 
of object teaching, or oral lessons from nature. 

But the teacher soon finds it necessary to use some means for con¬ 
tinuing the study beyond the actual observation of the pupil. Pic¬ 
tures and Maps will be found important aids in this step. With 
them should be given a description of countries, their productions, 
and some account of the most important cities and objects of in¬ 
terest. In this step the child is to be taught comparison. Each new 
portion of the earth studied always bears some relation to the parts 
already known, and is to be distinguished from them by position or 
locality, and also by other peculiarities. 

The Maps and Descriptive Geography have been' arranged as 
seemed best to meet the wants of young children. A few questions 
have been given on the maps, but the teacher should add to these 
and vary the form as circumstances require. 

















CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Introductory Lessons. 

Plain, Hill, Mountain, and Valley, 5 

Bodies of Water, . . . G 

Bodies of Land, ... 7 

Direction, . . . .8 

Distance and Size, ... 8 

Map of New York City and Vicinity, 9 
Climate, Soil, and Vegetable Produc- 
TIONS, . . . . .13 

Animals, and Animal Productions, 13 

Mineral Productions, Manufactures, 
and Commerce, . . .13 

City, Town, State, etc., . . 15 

Maps. 

No. 1, The World, . . .10 

4, Section 1. New England States, 14 

“ 4, “ 2. Middle States, . 18 

“ 4, “ 3. Southern States, . 22 

“ 4, “ 4. Western States, 26 

4, “ 5. Western States, con¬ 
cluded, . . 29 

“ 4, United States, . . . 32 

“ 2, North America, . . 36 

“ 3, British Provinces, . .38 

“ 5, South America, . . 42 

“ 6, Europe, . . . .44 

“ Asia, ... 50 

“ 8, Africa, . . . .54 

“ 9, OCEANICA, ... 56 


Key to Maps. 
No. 1, 

“ 4 , 

“ 4 , 

“ 4 , 

“ 4 , 

“ 4, 

“ 4, 


Section 1, 
“ 2 

“ 3 ; 

“ 4, 

“ 5, 


Descriptive Geography. 

New England States, . 

Middle States, 

Southern States, 

Western States, 

Territories, 

Greenland, Russian America, etc.. 
British Provinces, 

' Mexico and Balize, 

West Indies, 

South America, 

Europe, . 

Asia, . 

Africa, . 

Oceanica, 

Vocabulary, 


Page. 

. 12 

15 
. 19 

23 
. 27 
30 
. 34 
37 
. 39 
43 
. 46 

51 
. 55 

57 

16 
19 
21 
25 
30 

39 

40 
40 

40 

41 
47 

52 

53 

57 

58 








INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


I. Plain, Hill, Mountain, and Valley. 

Were the children who study this 
book to w r alk by the roadside or go 
into the fields, they would see many 
pleasing things. If they were to travel 
in other countries, they would see a 
great variety of objects. The plants, 
the trees, the animals, and the people, 
of some countries, would appear very 
different from those of their own coun¬ 
try. 

They would see that the world on 
which they live is composed of land 
and water. 

In some places, the land is level; it 
is then called a plain. When the land 
rises a little it is called a hill; but if 
it rises very high, it forms a mountain. 


The sides'and tops of hills, and sides of 
mountains, are sometimes covered with 
green grass and trees, but high moun¬ 
tains are always rocky. 

The low portion of land between two 
mountains is called a valley. 

In the picture above, the man and 
the boy are standing on a hill which is 
rocky. The man is pointing to some¬ 
thing on the plain. There are several 
houses and trees on the plain ; beyond 
it are water and high mountains, and 
between the distant mountains is a 
valley. 

It is very pleasant to stand on the 
top of a hill, in summer, and see the 
green fields, the forests and orchards ; 
but if we should go to the top of a 









INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


BAY AND STRAIT. 


II. Brook, River, Pond, Lake, Ocean, 
Gulf, Sea, and Strait. 

In mountainous or hilly countries, 
there are usually many streams of 
water. These, if small, are called brooks 
or rivulets y if large, they are called 
rivers. 

Sometimes there are small bodies of 
fresh water called ponds , which are 


When a part of the ocean extends up 
into the land, this part is called a gulf 
or bay. 


mountain, we could see much more of 
the world. 

Note. —The teacher should point out in the cut, 
the objects mentioned, and also, if convenient, take 
the children where they can observe and point out 
these objects in nature. 

Questions. —What would you see were you to 
go into the fields, or the streets ? What would you 
see if you were to travel in other countries? 
What is a portion of level land called? When land 
rises but little, what is it called? When it rises 
very high ? What is the low place between moun¬ 
tains called ? Point out the plain in the picture. 
The mountains. What is the difference between 
a hill and a mountain ? What could we see if we 
were to go to the top of a mountain ? 


surrounded by land. A large body of 
fresh water is a lake. 

In the first picture, there is a river 
flowing into the lake. 

Note. —The teacher should here point out the 
difference between a picture and a map. 

The largest bodies of water in the 
world are salt, and are called oceans. 






























INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 7 


A portion of salt water nearly sur¬ 
rounded by land is a sea. A narrow 
passage of water joining two larger 
portions is a strait. Men sail on 

oceans, seas, and other bodies of water, 
in ships. 

Questions. —What is a small stream of water 
called? A large stream? When a small body of 
fresh water is surrounded by land, what is it? 
What would a large body of fresh water be called ? 
Can you point out the river in the first picture ? 
The lake ? What can you see on the lake ? 

What are the largest bodies of water in the 
world ? When a part of the ocean extends up into 
the land, what is it called? What name would be 
given to a portion of salt water nearly surrounded 
by land? What is a narrow passage of water 
called ? Point out the ocean. Tho bay. The strait. 





ISLAND. 

in. Coast, Cape, Peninsula, Island, 
and Continent. 

The land which borders^on a sea or 
| any large body of water is called a 
coast or shore. The land by the side 
of a river is usually called a bank. 

A point of land projecting into a 
body of water is a cape. A portion of 


land almost surrounded by water is a 
peninsula. The narrow neck of land 



which joins a peninsula to the main 
land is called an isthmus. 

When a portion of land is entirely 
surrounded by water it is called an 
island. The very largest portions of 
land are called continents. 






































INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


8 


much of a country is hilly or moun¬ 
tainous, its surface is said to be broken 
or uneven. 

Questions.— What is the land called which 
borders on a large body of water? A point which 
projects into a body of water? When a portion 
of land is almost surrounded by water, what is it ? 
What is the neck of land called which joins a 
peninsula to the main land ? What name would 
you give to a portion of land entirely surrounded 
by water? To the largest portions of land? 

What is said of countries composed of plains? 
Of those which are hilly or mountainous ? 


IV. Direction. 

The direction in which the sun rises 
is east. The direction in which it sets 
is west. If a person stands with his 
right side towards the east, north will 
be before him and south behind him. 



SHOWING DIRECTION. 


In this picture the boy is standing 
with his right hand to the east, or the 
direction in which the sun rises, and 
with his left hand to the west; north, 


therefore, would be before him and 
south behind him. 

A point half way between north and 
east is north-east / between north and 
west is north-west / between south and 
east is south-east / between south and 
west is south-west. 

Questions. —Where does the sun rise? Whero 
does it set ? How can you tell which way is north ? 
South? Point to the north. To the south. To the 
east. To the west. In the picture, which way is 
the house from the boy ? On which side of the 
street is your school-house ? Which direction from 
the school-house is your home ? Which direction 
is north-east? South-east? Korth-west? South¬ 
west ? 


V. Distance and Size. 

Distance on the earth is usually 
measured in miles, rods, yards, feet, 
and inches. This mark is two inches 
long. 


Your geography is about eight inch¬ 
es long, and six inches wide. Twelve 
inches make one foot; three feet make 
a yard ; five and a half yards, or sixteen 
and a half feet make a rod. There 
are three hundred and twenty rods in 
a mile. 

If your geography is eight inches 
long and six inches wide, the outside 
surface of one of the covers contains 
forty-eight square inches ; that is, if it 
were divided into squares measuring 
one inch on each side, there would be 
forty-eight in each side of the cover. 




















INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


So a country or state which is fifty 
miles long and forty miles broad, con¬ 
tains two thousand square miles. 

Questions. —How is distance on the earth meas¬ 
ured? How long and wide is your geography? 
How many inches in a foot ? How many feet in a 
yard? How many yards in a rod? How many 
rods in a mile ? How long is your school-room ? 
{Let the children here measure the room with a rule or 
line.) How wide is it ? How far from the school- 
house is your home? {The teacher can add similar 
questions .) 

VI. Map of New York City and vicinity. 

•Here is a map of several cities and 
bodies of land and water. The large 



city marked 1 is Hew York. It is very 
thickly settled, has very long streets, 
and contains a great number of people. 


9 

To the south-east of Hew York is 
another large city named Brooklyn. 
This is marked 2. 

West of Hew York are two smaller 
cities. The most distant, marked 3, is 
Hewark. The nearer one, marked 4, 
is Jersey City. 

South of Hew York is a body of 
water marked 2. This is Hew York 
Bay. There are usually a large num¬ 
ber of vessels on this bay. South of 
the bay is a strait called the Harrows, 
Ho. 3. This connects the bay with the 
broad Atlantic Ocean. 

The body of water to the left, mark¬ 
ed 1, is Hewark Bay. The two rivers, 
Passaic, Ho. 5, and Hackensack, Ho. 6, 
flow into Hewark Bay. The large 
river west of Hew York, marked 7, is 
the Hudson. Ho. 8 is the East River. 

There are two or three small islands 
in Hew York Bay. There are also 
several to the south-east of the Har¬ 
rows. Ho. 9 is Coney Island. 

Questions. Can you point out New York? 
Brooklyn? Newark? Jersey City? Flatbush? 
Newark Bay? The Narrows? Atlantic Ocean? 
Hudson River? East River? Coney Island? 

In what direction from New York is Brooklyn? 
Newark? New York Bay? Newark Bay? Co¬ 
ney Island ? 

In what direction does the Hudson River flow ? 
Passaic? What is a bay? What is a river? An 
Island ? Can you point out a cape ? A penmsula ? 

Note. —The following map and key (map of the 
world) may be omitted till after the other maps 
have been studied. 


























I 














































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V«. ,'ii 

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V 

































THE WORLD. 


Key to Map Ho. 1. 


Grand Divisions, 

1 North America. 

2 South America. 

3 Europe. 

4 Asia. 

5 Africa. 

6 Oceanica. 


Poles and Circles. 

7 North Pole. 

8 South Pole. 

9 Equator. 

10 Tropic of Cancer. 

11 Tropic of Capricorn. 

12 Arctic Circle. 

13 Antarctic Circle. 


Oceans. 

1 Northern or Arctic. 

2 Atlantic. 

3 Pacific. 

4 Indian. 

5 Southern. 


Seas, Gulfs, and Bays. 

1 Hudson’s Bay. 

9 Gulf of Mexico. 

10 Caribbean Sea. 

21 Bay of Bengal. 

22 Sea of Arabia. 

26 Mediterranean Sea. 

32 Black Sea. 

33 Caspian Sea. 

Straits and Channels. 

44 Mozambique Channel, 

45 Strait of Gibraltar. 

Islands. 

48 Greenland. 


49 Iceland. 

50 Newfoundland. 

53 West Indies. 

69 Sandwich Islands. 

13 Society. 

14 New Zealand. 

11 New Caledonia. 

88 NiphOn. 

91 New Guinea. 

99 Australia. 

103 Borneo. 

105 Sumatra. 

101 Madagascar. 


Capes and Peninsulas. 

122 Cape Farewell. 

121 Cape St. Roque. 

128 Cape Horn. 

140 Cape Comorin. 

142 Cape Good Hope. 


Mountains and Deserts, 

144 Rocky. 

146 Andes. 

151 Altai. 

156 Himalaya. 

163 Atlas. 

164 Kong. 

168 Desert of Cobi. 

169 Arabian Desert. 

110 Sahara Desert. 


Rivers. 

188 Mississippi. 
196 Amazon. 

205 Obi. 

206 Yenesei. 

201 Lena. 

208 Amoor. 

209 Hoang Ho. 
222 Nile. 



















INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


TII. Climate, Soil, and Vegetable Pro¬ 
ductions. 

Some countries are very cold ; these 
are said to have a cold climate. Other 
countries are very warm, and so we 
say they have a warm climate. If the 
climate is neither very warm nor very 
cold, it is called temperate. 

Plants , such as wheat, corn, pota¬ 
toes, grass, and trees, grow on the 
land. 

Some countries produce plants 
abundantly, and the soil of these 
countries is called fertile. Other 
countries produce few or no plants, 
and these are said to have a barren or 
sterile soil. 

Plants are called vegetables , and the 
fruits, seeds, and roots, are called vege¬ 
table productions. Many vegetables 
are u^ed for food. Some, such as cot¬ 
ton and flax, are used for clothing. 

Questions. —What can we say of cold countries? 
Of warm countries? Of countries neither very 
warm nor very cold ? What grow on the land ? 
When countries produce plants in abundance, what 
is their soil called? When few or no plants are 
produced, what is it called? What are plants 
called? What are fruits, seeds, and roots called? 
What are vegetables used for? Mention some 
vegetables used for food. Some used for clothing. 


VIII. Animals and Animal Productions. 

There are many kinds of animals 
living- on the land, and in the water. 

O ' 

Some animals are covered with feath¬ 
ers, and can fly, as birds; some walk 


13 


or run, as horses, cattle, and dogs; 
some creep, as worms and serpents; 
some swim in the water, as fishes. 

The flesh of some animals is used for 
food; and the skins and covering of 
some are used for clothing. Combs and 
knife-handles are made from horns and 
the tusks of elephants. The articles 
obtained from animals are sometimes 
called animal productions. 

Some animals are useful as beasts of 
burden, and in other ways, such as the 
horse, ox, and camel. 

Questions. —What live on the land and in the 
water? Mention some animals that are covered 
with feathers. Some whose covering is hair. Can 
you name some that have fur? Some which are 
furnished with scales? Can you name some ani¬ 
mals whose flesh is used for food? Some whose 
skins are used for any article of clothing? What 
are made from horns and tusks? What produc¬ 
tions are obtained from animals? What animals 
are useful as beasts of burden ? 


IX. Mineral Productions, Manufac¬ 
tures, and Commerce. 

In some parts of the earth coal, iron, 
gold, silver, and copper are found. 
These and other substances dug from 
the earth are called mineral produc¬ 
tions. The places from which they 
are dug are called mines. 

Many different articles are made 
from iron, wood, and other materials. 
The making of these articles is called 
manufacturing , and the articles are 
called manufactures. Cloth, paper, 
and shoes are manufactured articles. 













































































































INTRODUCTORY LESSONS. 


15 


The productions of the earth and 
various kinds of manufactured articles 
are bought, sold, and carried from one 
country to another. The exchange of 
these productions between different na¬ 
tions or persons in. different places, is 
called commerce t 

Questions. What are found in some parts of 
the earth ? What are these substances called ? 
The places from which they are dug ? From what 
are different articles*made ? What is making such 
articles called? What are the articles called? 
Mention some articles manufactured from iron; 
wood; copper; silver; glass; cotton. What is 
done with the productions of the earth and with 
manufactures? What is exchanging goods called? 


X. City, Town, State, &c. 

A small collection of houses near 
together is called a village. A very 
large and thickly settled place is called 
a city. A town is usually a larger 
portion of country than a village. 


A county contains several towns, and 
a state contains several counties. 

The highest officer of a state is call¬ 
ed a governor. 

The city or town of each state, in 
which the laws are made, is called the 
capital. 

The country in which we live is 
composed of several states, and it is 
called the United States of America. 
The highest officer in this country is 
the president. 

Questions. —What is a small collection of houses 
called? What name would you give to a very 
thickly settled place? Which contains the most 
land, a town or a village? What does a county 
contain? What does a state contain? What is 
the highest officer of a state called? What is the 
place called where the laws are made ? Of what 
is this country composed? What is its name? 
Who is the highest officer? 


NEW ENGLAND STATES. 

Key to Map No. 4 . — Section 1. 


States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 Maine. 1. Augusta. 5. Portland. 

2 New Hampshire, l. Concord. 

3 Vermont. 1. Montpelier. 

4 Massachusetts. 1. Boston. 5. Spring- 

field. 

5 Rhode Island. 1. Providence. 2. New¬ 

port. 

6 Connecticut. 1. Hartford. 2. New 

Haven. 


Ocean and Bays. 

1 Atlantic Ocean. 

5 Massachusetts Bay. 


Island, Cape, and Mountains. 

33 Long Island. 

38 Cape Cod. 

57 White Mountains. 

68 Green Mountains. 


Lake and Rivers. 

89 Lake Champlain. 
101 St. John’s River. 

103 Penobscot. 

104 Kennebec. 

107 Merrimac. 

108 Connecticut. 

109 Hudson. 




















16 


UNITED STATES.-NEW ENGLAND STATES. 


XI. United States. 

The United. States is a large coun- 
try containing a great number of people. 
It consists of divisions called states. 

The six Eastern States are Maine, 
New Hampshire, Yermont, Massachu¬ 
setts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 
These states are called New England. 

The surface of these states is uneven. 

The climate is changeable. The win- j 
| ters are sometimes cold, and the sum¬ 
mers warm. 

The soil in the valleys of the princi- ! 
pal rivers is fertile. 

The principal vegetable productions | 
are hay, corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, 
and potatoes. 

The animal productions are butter, 

I cheese, wool, cattle, and horses. 

Questions. —What is the United States? Of 
what does it consist ? Which are the six Eastern 
States ? Point them out on the map. What are 
they called ? What is said of their surface ? Cli¬ 
mate? Soil? Yegetable productions? Animal 
productions ? 

XII. Maine. 

Maine is the most north-eastern of 
the New England States. 

It is a very large state, and has a 
great extent of coast. It has many 
bays and harbors. 

The people get much lumber from 
its pine forests. A large number of 
ships are built in Maine. 

Augusta is the capital. 

Portland is the largest city and prin- 
j cipal seaport. 



SAW MILL. 


Questions. —Where is Maine? What is it? 
What has it? What is said of the people? Of 
ships? What is Augusta? Portland? 

XIII. New Hampshire and Vermont. 

New Hampshire is south-west of 
Maine. It contains the highest moun¬ 
tains in New England. 

This state has very little sea-coast. 

Most of the people are engaged in 
manufacturing and farming. 



FARMING. 


































UNITED STATES.-NEW ENGLAND STATES. 


17 


Concord is the capital. 

Vermont is next west of New 
Hampshire. 

Farming is the principal employ¬ 
ment of the people. Some are engaged 
in manufacturing. 

cD 

Montpelier is the capital. 

Questions.— Where is New Hampshire? What 
does it contain ? What has it ? In what are most 
of the people engaged? What is the capital? 

Where is Vermont? What is the principal em¬ 
ployment of the people ? What is the capital ? 


Hie people are principally engaged 
in commerce and manufacturing. They 
make large quantities of cotton and 
woollen cloth, and boots and shoes. 

Boston is the capital, and the largest 
city in New England. 

Questions. —Where is Massachusetts? What 
| has it? When was Massachusetts settled? What 
is said of the people ? What do they make ? 
What is Boston ? 





XV. Rhode Island and Connecticut, 

Rhode Island is south of Massa¬ 
chusetts. This is a very small state. 
It is noted for its manufactures. 

Providence and Newport are the 
capitals. Both are seaports. 

Newport is a place of great resort 
[ for sea-bathing. 

Connecticut is south of Massachu¬ 
setts and west of Rhode Island. 


River passes 


COTTON MILL—OAEDING. 


XIV. Massachusetts. 

Massachusetts is south of New 
Hampshire and Vermont. 

It has a very irregular coast and sev¬ 
eral good harbors. 

Massachusetts was settled by white 
people before any other of the New 
England States. 


The Connecticut 
through the state. 

This state has a great variety of man¬ 
ufactures and some commerce. 

Hartford and New Haven are the 
capitals. The first asylum in this coun¬ 
try for deaf-mutes was established in 
Hartford. 

Questions.— Where is Rhode Island? What is 
it? Eor what is it noted? What are the capitals? 
What is Newport? 

Where is Connecticut? What river passes 
through the state ? What is said of its manufac¬ 
tures and commerce? What are the capitals? 
What was established in Hartford? 




























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MIDDLE STATES, MARYLAND AND VIRGINIA. 


Key to Map No. 4.—Section 2. 


States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

7 New York. 1. Albany. 2. New 

York. 4. Buffalo. 

8 New Jersey. 1. Trenton. 3. New¬ 

ark. 

9 Pennsylvania, l. Harrisburg. 2. 

Philadelphia. 11. Pittsburg. 

10 Delaware. 1. Dover. 

11 Maryland. 1 . Annapolis. 2 . Balti¬ 

more. 

12 District of Columbia, l. Wash¬ 

ington. 

13 Virginia. 1 . Richmond. 6. Norfolk. 
131 "West Virginia. 1 . Wheeling. 


Capes and Mountains. 

40 Cape May. 

42 Cape Charles. 

43 Cape Henry. 

60 Blue Ridge Mts. 

61 Alleghany Mts. 

62 Cumberland Mts. 


Lakes and Rivers. 

87 Lake Erie. 

88 Lake Ontario. 

89 Lake Champlain. 

100 St. Lawrence River. 
109 Hudson. 

111 Delaware. 

112 Susquehanna. 


Ocean and Bays. 

1 Atlantic Ocean. 

8 Delaware Bay. 

9 Chesapeake Bay. 

XVI. New York and New Jersey. 

New York is west of the New Eng¬ 
land States. This is a very large state. 
It contains more people than any other 
state in the country. 

A great quantity of flour is made in 
this state. Much salt is obtained from 
its salt springs. 

In the western part of the state a 
large river runs over some very steep 
rocks. This forms what is called a 
cataract. The name of this one is the 
\ Niagara Falls. 

Albany is the capital. 


113 Potomac. 

115 James. 

141 Ohio. 

148 Monongahela. 

149 Alleghany. 
211 Niagara. 


New York is the largest city in the 
United States. 

Buffalo is an important port in New 
York, on Lake Erie. 

New Jersey is south of New York 
on the Atlantic Ocean. The people of 
New Jersey raise great quantities of 
fruits and vegetables for the New York 
and Philadelphia markets. 

This state is noted for its peaches. 

This state has also extensive manu¬ 
factures. 

Trenton is the capital. 

Questions.— Where is New York ? What is it ? 




















UNITED STATES.-SOUTHERN STATES. 


20 


What does it contain ? What is made in this state ? 
What is obtained from the salt springs ? What is 
there in the western part of this state ? What is 
the name of this cataract? What is Albany? 
What is New York ? Buffalo ? 

Where is New Jersey? What is raised in this 
state? For what is it noted? What is said of its 
manufactures ? What is Trenton ? 


XVII. Pennsylvania and Delaware. 

Pennsylvania is south of New York 
and west of New Jersey. It is nearly 
as large as the state of New York. 

A part of the state is quite moun¬ 
tainous. Pennsylvania is noted for its 
mines of iron and coal. 



Large quantities of petroleum or rock 
oil are obtained from the western part 
of this state. 

There are extensive manufactures 
of iron in this state. 

Harrisburg is the capital. 


Philadelphia is the largest city. 

Delaware is south-east of Pennsyl¬ 
vania. It is a very small state. 

It produces fine wheat and fruits. 

The people are principally engaged 
in agriculture and manufactures. 

Dover is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Fennsylvania ? TTow large 
is it? What is said of its surface? For what is 
it noted? Whence is the coal dug? Where is 
petroleum or rock oil found? How is tho oil ob¬ 
tained? What manufactures in this state ? What j 
is the capital ? What is the largest city ? 

Where is Delaware ? What is it ? What does 
it produce? In what are tho people engaged? 
What is Dover ? 


XVIII. Maryland and District of 
Columbia. 

Maryland is south of Pennsylvania 
and Delaware. 

It is a small state. It is irregular in 
form, and divided by the Chesapeake 
Bay. 

Annapolis is the capital. 

The District of Columbia is on 
the east bank of the Potomac Piver. 
It is governed by Congress. 

Washington is the chief city and 
the capital of the whole country. It 
contains several fine public buildings. 

Questions. —Where is Maryland? What is it? 
What is its form ? How is it divided ? What is 
the capital ? 






























UNITED STATES.-SOUTHERN STATES. 


21 


Where is the District of Columbia ? How is it 
governed? What is Washington ? What does it 
contain ? 


XIX. Virginia and West Virginia. 

Virginia is south of Maryland. The 
! land is low in the eastern part and 
mountainous in the west 

There is much tobacco and flax raised 
i in Virginia. 

There are mines of gold, iron, and 
coal. Large quantities of oysters are 
1 taken on the shores of the Chesapeake 
Bay and sent to Northern markets. 
Most ot the people are farmers. 
Richmond is the capital. 

West Virginia is west of Virginia. 
Tt is an uneven state. 



TOBACCO PLANT. 

It has extensive lead mines, and 
many salt springs. It was made a state 
in 1863. 


Wheeling is the capital and largest 
town. 

Questions.— Where is Virginia ? What is said 
of the land ? Of tobacco and flax ? Of the mines ? 
Oysters ? People ? Richmond 9 
Where is West Virginia? What is it? What 
has it ? When was it made a state ? What is 
Wheeling ? 



PALMETTO TEEE. 


XX. North and South Carolina. 

North Carolina is south of Vir¬ 
ginia. 

Tar and turpentine have been ob¬ 
tained from its forests and exported to 
other states. Sweet potatoes are ex¬ 
tensively cultivated. 

Raleigh is the capital. 

South Carolina is south of North 
Carolina. 










































































































































SEVEN SOUTHERN STATES, ARKANSAS, AND TENNESSEE. 


Key to Map No. 4.—Section 3. 


States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

14 North Carolina, l. Raleigh. 

15 South Carolina. 1. Columbia. 5. 

Charleston. 

16 G-eorgia. 1 . Milledgeville. 4 . Sa¬ 

vannah. 

17 Florida. 1. Tallahassee. 

18 Alabama. 1. Montgomery. 5. Mobile. 

19 Mississippi, l. Jackson. 3. Natchez. 

20 Louisiana. 1 . Baton Rouge. 2. New 

Orleans. 

22 Arkansas. 1 . Little Rock. 

24 Tennessee. 1. Nashville. 5. Memphis. 


Ocean and Gulf. 

1 Atlantic Ocean. 

19 Gulf of Mexico. 


Capes and Mountains. 

44 Cape Hatteras. 

49 Cape Sable. 


61 Alleghany Mountains. 

62 Cumberland Mountains. 


Rivers. 

11*7 Roanoke River. 

121 Great Pedee. 

122 Santee. 

124 Savannah. 

125 Altamaha. 

131 Appalachicola. 
134 Mobile. 

139 Mississippi. 

141 Ohio. 

142 Tennessee. 

143 Cumberland. » 
177 Arkansas. 

179 Red. 

181 Sabine. 


Islands. 

215 Bahama Islands. 

216 Cuba. 1 . Havana. 


Peninsula. 

229 Yucatan. 


Much of the eastern part of the state 
is low and swampy. 

Rice is grown on the low lands. The 
finest cotton grows on the islands near 
the coast. The palmetto tree grows in 
this state. 


Questions.— Where is North Carolina ? What 
are obtained from its forests? What are culti¬ 
vated ? What is the capital ? 

Where is South Carolina? What is the surface 
of the eastern part ? Where is rice grown ? Where 
does the finest cotton grow? What tree grows 
here ? What is the capital ? 


Columbia is the capital. 




























UNITED STATES.-SOUTHERN STATES. 


24 

XXI. Georgia and Florida. 

Georgia is south-west of South Car¬ 
olina. Cotton, rice, and sweet potatoes 



COTTON PLANT. 


are its most important vegetable pro¬ 
ducts. 

Milledgeville is the capital. 

Florida is south of Georgia. 

A large part of it is swampy, and 
too unhealthy to be inhabited. 

Tallahassee is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Georgia? What are its 
most important productions? What is the capital? 

Where is Florida ? What is a large part of it ? 
What is the capital ? 

XXII. Alabama and Mississippi. 

Alabama is west of Georgia. 

Its soil is fertile, and large quantities 
of cotton are produced. 

Montgomery is the capital. 


Mississippi is west of Alabama. 
The southern and western parts are 
level and marshy. 

Cotton is the most important pro¬ 
duction. 

Jackson is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Alabama? What is its 
soil? What is produced? What is the capital? 

Where is Mississippi? What is its surface? 
What is its most important production? What 
is the capital? 


XXIII. Louisiana and Texas. 

Louisiana is west of Mississippi. 

It has no mountains. A part of the 
state is lower than the water in the 
Mississippi River, which is kept from 
overflowing by means of artificial banks. 
It produces large quantities of sugar. 



SUGAR CANE. 


Baton Rouge is the capital. 
Kew Orleans is a large city. 
Texas is west of Louisiana. 

















United states.- 

It is a very large state, but, a part 
of it is thinly settled. 

Oranges and lemons grow in the open 
air. Buffaloes and wild horses live on 
the prairies. 

Austin is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Louisiana ? What is its 
surface ? How is the water of the Mississippi 
River kept from overflowing? What does this 
state produce? What is the capital? What is 
New Orleans? 

Where is Texas? What is it? What fruits 
grow? What animals live on the prairies? 
What is the capital? 

XXIV. Arkansas and Missouri. 

Arkansas is north of Louisiana, 
and west of the Mississippi River. 

In the eastern part it is nearly level; 
in the western part it is uneven. It 
has numerous hot springs. 

Little Rock is the capital. 

Missouri is north of Arkansas, and 
also west of the Mississippi River. 

It contains large quantities of lead, 
iron ore, and coal. 

Jefferson City is the capital. 

St. Louis is the largest city. 

Questions —Where is Arkansas ? What is the 
surface in the eastern part? In the western part? 
What has it ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Missouri? From what is the state 
named? What does it contain? What is the 
capital? What is the largest city ? 


XXV. Tennessee and Kentucky. 

Tennessee is west of North Caro- 


WESTERN STATES. 25 

lina. It was once a part of the latter 
state. 

This is a long state, extending from 
the Alleghany Mountains to the Mis¬ 
sissippi River. 

A great number of swine and mules 
are raised in this state. 

Nashville is the capital. 

Kentucky is north of Tennessee. 
This state was once a part of Vir¬ 
ginia, and was first settled by famous 
hunters. 

It produces great quantities of hemp 
and flax. Large numbers of horses 
and cattle are raised in this state. 

It contains the famous Mammoth 
Cave, which extends many miles un¬ 
der ground. 

Frankfort is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Tennessee? What was 
it once? hat is it? What are raised in this 
state ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Kentucky ? What was it once ? By 
whom was it first settled ? What does it produce ? 
What are raised in this state? What does it con¬ 
tain ? What is the capital ? 


XXVI. Ohio. 

Ohio is north of Kentucky, and 
west of Pennsylvania. It is named 
from the large river which flows along 
its southern boundary. 

Ohio produces great quantities of 
corn and wheat, and has large numbers 
of horses, cattle, and sheep. 

This state has much commerce on 
Lake Erie and the Ohio River. 

Columbus is the capital. 























































































WESTERN STATES. 


Key to Map No. 4. — Section 4. 


States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

23 Missouri. 1. Jefferson City. 5 . St. 
Louis. 

25 Kentucky. 1 . Frankfort. 2. Louis¬ 

ville. 

26 Ohio. 1. Columbus. 4. Cleveland. 10. 

Cincinnati. 

27 Indiana. 1 . Indianapolis. 

28 Illinois. 1 . Springfield. 3. Chicago. 

4. Cairo. 

29 Michigan. 1 . Lansing. 3. Detroit. 

30 Wisconsin. 1. Madison. 4. Milwau¬ 

kee. 

31 Iowa. 1. Des Moines. 2. Dubuque. 

33 Minnesota, l. St. Paul. 


Mountains, 

62 Cumberland Mountains. 


Lakes and Rivers. 

80 Lake Superior. 

81 Lake Michigan. 

83 Lake Huron. 

87 Lake Erie. 

139 Mississippi River. 

141 Ohio. 

142 Tennessee. 

143 Cumberland. 

145 .Kentucky. 

153 Wabash. 

156 Illinois. 

162 Missouri. 


Cincinnati, on the Ohio River, is 
the largest city. 

Questions. —Where is Ohio? From what is it 
named? What does it produce? What animals 
has it ? What is said of its commerce ? What is 
the capital ? What is said of Cincinnati ? 


XXVII. Indiana and Illinois, 

Indiana is west of Ohio. 

The people of this state are princi¬ 
pally engaged in farming. Large 
numbers of swine and cattle are raised 
in this state. 

Indianapolis is the capital. 

Illinois is next west of Indiana. 
This is a large stata 



It contains much rich prairie land, 
and is a very productive state. The 
people are principally farmers. 




































































































































































WESTERN STATES, CONCLUDED. 


Key to Map No. 4.— 
21 Texas. 1. Austin. 

32 California. 1 Sacramento. 8. San 
Francisco. 

34 Nebraska Ter. 1 . Omaha City. 

35 Kansas. 1 Topeka. 

36 Indian Ter. 1 . Tahlequah. 

37 New Mexico Ter. i. Santa Fe. 

38 Utah. 1. Salt Lake City. 2. Fillmore City. 

39 Oregon. 1. Salem. 

40 Washington Ter. 1 . Olympia. 

41 Dakota Ter. 1. Yancton. 

42 Colorado Ter. 1 . Denver City. 

43 Nevada Ter. 1 . Carson City. 

44 Arizona Ter. 

45 Idaho Ter. 

2 Mexico. 1. Mexico. 10. Monterey. 11. 

Matamoras. 19. Vera Cruz. 22. Acapulco. 


S ECTION 5. 

Ocean and Mountains. 

2 Pacific Ocean. 

65 Rocky Mountains. 

*70 Sierra Nevada. 


Lake and Rivers. 

9*7 Great Salt Lake. 
162 Missouri River. 

168 Nebraska. 

171 Kansas. 

It7 Arkansas. 

179 Red. 

187 Rio Grande. 

189 Colorado. 

195 Sacramento. 

198 Columbia. 


It has extensive mines of lead. 

Springfield is the capital. 

Chicago is the largest city, and the 
principal port on Lake Michigan. 

Questions. —Where is Indiana? In what are 
the people of this state engaged ? What animals 
are raised in this state ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Illinois? What is it? What does it 
contain? What is said of it? What are the 
people? What has it? What is the capital? 
What is said of Chicago ? 


XXVIII. Michigan and Wisconsin. 

Michigan is north of Ohio and In¬ 
diana. It is noted for the great lakes 


which surround it. It has a very ex¬ 
tensive coast-line. 

It contains very rich copper mines. 
The winters in the northern part are 
cold. 

Lansing is the capital. 

Detroit is the largest city, and a 
port on the Detroit River. 

Wisconsin is west of Michigan, 
and north of Illinois. It is cold in the 
northern part, but has a very healthy 
climate. 

It has the richest lead mines in the 
world. There are also copper mines 
in the northern part. 
















UNITED STATES.-TERRITORIES. 


30 


Madison is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Michigan ? For what is 
it noted ? What has it ? What does it contain ? 
What is said of the winters ? What is the capital ? 
What is said of Detroit ? 

Whero is Wisconsin? What is said of the 
climate ? What has it ? What are in the north¬ 
ern part ? W’hat is the capital ? 


XXIX. Iowa and Minnesota. 

Iowa is west of Wisconsin and Il¬ 
linois. 

It has a large quantity of rich prairie 
land. It has mines of lead and coal. 
It is a very productive state. 

Des Moines is the capital. 

Minnesota is north of Iowa. 

It is the most elevated state in the 
Union. It has numerous rivers and 
small lakes. 

Its winters are cold, but the climate 
is very healthy. 

St. Paul is the capital. 

Questions.— Where is Iowa? What has it? 
What has it mines of? What is it ? What is the 
capital ? 

Where is Minnesota ? What is it ? What has 
it ? What is said of its winters? Of the climate ? 
What is the capital ? 


XXX. Kansas, California, and Oregon. 

Kansas is west of Missouri. 

It is named from its large river. 

It has fine forest trees. 
Leavenworth is the capital. 
California is on the Pacific Ocean. 
It has an extensive sea-coast and 
some good harbors. 


It is noted for its mild climate and 
productive gold mines. 

Sacramento is the capital. 

San Francisco is the chief seaport. 

Oregon is north of California on the 
Pacific Ocean. 

Its surface is very uneven. Only a 
small part of the state has been settled. 
There are many wild animals yet liv- | 
ing in the forests. 

Salem is the capital. 

Questions. —Where is Kansas ? From what is 
it named? What has it? What is the capital? 

Where is California? What has it? For what 
is it noted ? What is the capital ? What is the j 
chief seaport? 

Where is Oregon ? What is its surface ? How 
much of it has been settled ? What are living in 
the forests ? What is the capital ? 

XXXI. The Territories of the United 
States are thinly settled portions of the 
country, and have no state govern¬ 
ments. 

They are Washington, Dakota, Ne¬ 
braska, Indian, New Mexico, Colorado, ! 
Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and Idaho. 

Washington Territory is the most 
north-western. It is north and east of 
Oregon. 

It abounds in evergreen trees such as i 
spruce, cedar, and fir; and in wild ani¬ 
mals and fish. 

Olympia is the capital. 

Questions.— What are the Territories? Kamo i 
them. 

What is Washington Territory? Where is it? 
What is said of its trees ? Of its animals ? What 
is the capital ? 





















____UNITED STATES. —TERRITORIES. 

XXXII, Dakota and Nebraska, 


Dakota is next west of Minnesota. 
It contains numerous salt lakes. 
Yancton is the capital. 



BUFFALOES. 


Nebraska is south of Dakota. It 
is mostly prairie, with dense forests on 
the banks of the rivers. There are 
many buffaloes in this territory. 

Omaha City is the capital. 

Questions.— Where is Dakota? What does it 
contain ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Nebraska? What is it? What grow 
on the banks of the rivers? What animals are 
found? What is the capital? 


XXXIII, Indian Territory, New Mexico 
and Colorado. 

The Indian Territory is south of 
Kansas. It is inhabited principally by 
Indians. 

Tahleqdah is the capital. 

New Mexico is west of Texas. It 
is chiefly valuable for its mines of gold, 
silver, iron, and copper. 


Santa Fe is the capital. 

Colorado is west of Kansas. 

It is a new territory, noted for its 
famous gold mines. 

Denver City is the capital. 

Questions.— Where is the Indian Territory ? By 
whom is it inhabited ? What is the capital? 

Where is New Mexico Territory ? For what is 
it valuable ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Colorado? What is it? For what is 
it noted ? What is the capital ? 


XXXIV, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and 
Idaho, 

Utah is west of Colorado. 

It contains the Great Salt Lake. 

It is noted for being the residence of 
the Mormons. 

Salt Lake City is the capital. 
Nevada is between Utah and Cali¬ 
fornia. 

It is noted for its rich silver mines. 
Carson City is the capital. 

Arizona is west of New Mexico. 

It contains mines of gold and silver. 
Idaho is north of Utah, and west of 
Dakota. 

It is mountainous, and has many 
rivers. 

Where is Utah? What does it contain? Fof 
what is it noted ? What is the capital ? 

Where is Nevada ? For what is it noted ? What 
is the capital ? 

Where is Arizona ? What does it contain ? 
Where is Idaho ? What is said of it ? 







































































































































































































































UNITED STATES. 


Key to Map No. 4 


States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 Maine. 1. Augusta. 5. Portland. 

2 New Hampshire, l. Concord. 

3 Vermont. 1. Montpelier. 

4 Massachusetts. 1- Boston. 5. Spring- 

field. 

5 Rhode Island, l. Providence. 

6 Connecticut. 1. Hartford. 2. New 

Haven. 

7 New York. 1. Albany. 2. New Tork. 

3. Brooklyn. 4. Buffalo. 

8 New Jersey. 1 . Trenton. 3. Newark. 

9 Pennsylvania, l. Harrisburg. 2. 

Philadelphia. 11. Pittsburg. 

10 Delaware. 1 . Hover. 

11 Maryland. 1. Annapolis. 2. Baltimore. 

12 District of Columbia, l. Washing¬ 

ton. 

13 Virginia. 1. Richmond. G. Norfolk. 
131 "West Virginia, 1. Wheeling. 

14 North Carolina. 1 . Raleigh. 

15 South Carolina. 1. Columbia. 5. 

Charleston. 

16 Georgia. 1. Milledgeville. 4. Savan¬ 

nah. 

17 Florida, 1. Tallahassee. 

18 Alabama, 1. Montgomery. 5. Mobile. 

19 Mississippi. 1. Jackson. 3. Natchez. 

20 Louisiana. 1. Baton Rouge. 2 . New 

Orleans. 

21 Texas. 1. Austin. 

22 Arkansas. 1. Little Rock. 


23 Missouri. 1. Jefferson City. 5. St. 

Louis. 

24 Tennessee, l. Nashville. 

25 Kentucky. 1. Frankfort. 2. Louis¬ 

ville. 

26 Ohio. 1. Columbus. 4. Cleveland. 10. 

Cincinnati. 

27 Indiana. 1. Indianapolis. 9. Lafayette. 

28 Illinois. 1. Springfield. 3. Chicago. 

4. Cairo. 

29 Michigan. 1. Lansing. 3. Detroit. 

30 Wisconsin. 1. Madison. 4. Milwaukee. 

31 Iowa. 1. Des Moines. 

32 California. 1. Sacramento. 8 . San 

Francisco. 

33 Minnesota. 1. St. Paul. 

34 Nebraska Territory. l. Omaha 

City. 

35 Kansas. 1. Topeka. 

36 Indian Territory, l. Tahlequah. 

37 New Mexico Territory, l. Santa 

Fe. 

38 Utah Territory, l. Salt Lake City. 

39 Oregon. 1. Salem. 2. Astoria. 

40 Washington Territory, l. Olym¬ 

pia. 

41 Dakota Territory, l. Yancton. 

42 Colorado Territory, l. Denver City. 

43 Nevada Territory, l. Carson City. 

44 Arizona Territory. 

45 Idaho Territory. 








KEY to map no. 4. 


35 


Oceans, Gulfs, and Bays. 


Lakes. 


1. Atlantic Ocean. 

2. Pacific Ocean. 

5. Massachusetts Bay. 
8. Delaware Bay. 

9- Chesapeake Bay. 

19. Gulf of Mexico. 

20. Gulf of California. 


80. Superior. 

81. Michigan. 
83. Huron. 

87. Erie. 

88. Ontario. 

97. Great Salt. 


Sounds. 

26. Long Island Sound. 

27. Albemarle Sound. 

28. Pamlico Sound. 


Islands. 

33. Long Island. 

34. Florida Keys. 

215. Bahama. 

216. Cuba. 


Capes and Peninsulas. 

38. Cod. 

40. May. 

42. Charles. 

44. Hatteras. 

230. California. 


Rivers. 

100. St. Lawrence. 

101. St. John’s. 

108. Connecticut. 

109. Hudson. 

112. Susquehanna. 
115. James. 

124. Savannah. 

125. Altamaha. 

139. Mississippi. 

141. Ohio. 

142. Tennessee. 

162. Missouri. 

168. Nebraska. 

171. Kansas. 

177. Arkansas. 

179. Red. 

185. Colorado. 

187. Rio Grande. 
189. Colorado. 

198. Columbia. 

211. Niagara. 


Mountains. 


Questions on the Map of the United 
States. 


57. White. 

58. Green. 

60. Blue Ridge. 

61. Alleghany. 

62. Cumberland. 

65. Rocky. 

70. Sierra Nevada. 
72. Cascade. 


What ocean on the east of the United States? 
West? Gulf on the south? Country on the south? 

Point out and name each state. Point out Mas¬ 
sachusetts Bay. Gulf of California. Alleghany 
Mountains; Rocky; Green; White. Lake Supe¬ 
rior; Huron; Michigan; Erie; Ontario. Hudson 
River; Connecticut; Mississippi; Ohio; Missouri. 

New York City; Washington; Boston; Chicago. 












































































































NORTH 

AMERICA. 

1 

Key to Map No. 2. 

Countries, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

Peninsulas, Capes, and Isthmus. 

1 Russian America, l. Sitka.' 

82 Nova Scotia. 

^ British. America, l. Toronto 3 

84 Yucatan. 

Ottawa. 

85 California. 

3 Greenland. 1. Upernavik. 

87 Cape Barrow. 

4 United States. 1. Washington 2 

90 Cape Farewell. 

Boston. 3. New York. 4. Philadelphia. 

94 Cape Race. 

10. New Orleans. 11. St. Louis. 13. 

Ill Isthmus of Darien. 

Cincinnati. 15. Chicago. 16. San Fran- 



cisco. 


5 Mexico. 1, Mexico. 4. San Luis Potosi. 

Mountains. 

6 Balize. l. Balize. 

112 Rocky. 

7 Central America, l. San Salvador. 

Lakes. 


Oceans, Seas, Gulfs, and Bays. 

126 Great Slave. 

1 Arctic. 

130 Winnipeg. 

134 Superior. 

2 Atlantic. 

3 Pacific 

- , 

4 Caribbean Sea. 

Rivers 

10 Hudson’s Bay. 

15 Gulf of Mexico. 

142 Mackensie. 


156 St. Lawrence. 

Straits and Channel. 

158 Mississippi. 

161 Missouri. 

33 Davis’s Strait. 

166 Rio Grande. 

39 Florida Strait. 

169 Columbia. 

40 Channel of Yucatan. 


45 Behring’s Strait. 

Questions on the Map of North America. 

’ 4 

Islands. 

What ocean east of North America? West? 1 

What country near the centre ? In the North ? 

46 Baring. 

North-west? South of the United States? 

55 Iceland 

Point out Greenland. Davis’s Strait. Behring’s 

58 Newfoundland. 

Strait. Iceland. Cuba. Cape Farewell. Isthmus 

64 Bahama Islands. 

of Darien. Rocky Mountains. Lake Winnipeg. 

66 Cuba. 

Lake Superior. 

69 Hayti. 1 

River St. Lawrence. Mississippi. Missouri. 


























































































































































BRITISH PROVINCES. 


Key to Map No. 3. 


Countries, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 Hudson’s Bay Territory. 

2 Labrador. 

3 Upper Canada. 1 . Toronto. 3. Ottawa.' 

4 Lower Canada. 1. Montreal. 3. Que¬ 

bec. 

5 New Brunswick. 1 . Fredericton. 

6 Nova Scotia. 1 . Halifax. 

7 Newfoundland, l. St. John’s. 


Ocean, Bays, and Strait. 

1 Atlantic Ocean. 

2 Hudson’s Bay. • 

3 James’s Bay. 

4 Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

11 Bay of Fundy. 

]4 Bellisle Strait. 


Islands. 

22 Cape Breton. 

23 Prince Edward’s. 

Lakes and Rivers. 

« ; 

42 Lake Erie. 

43 Lake Ontario. 

48 Abbitibbee River. 

51 East Main. 

54 St. Lawrence. 

57 Ottawa. 

64 St. John. 

Questions on tlie Map of the British 
Provinces. 

Point out Labrador. Hudson’s Bay Territory. 
Upper Canada. Lower Canada. Nova Scotia. 

Where is Hudson’s Bay? Gulf of St. Lawrence? 
River St. Lawrence ? 


XXXV. Greenland, Russian America, 
and British America. 

The United States and several other 
countries form the largest division of 
the western continent, called North 
America. 

Greenland is a large island far to 
the north-east of the United States. 

It is very cold and has few inhabi¬ 
tants. These are clothed in skins and 
live on fish and wild animals. 

Russian America h far to the 
north-west of the United States. 

It is warmer than Greenland, but 
has few plants. 



BLACK FOX. 


The people are engaged in fishing 
and catching furs. 

























40 


BRITISH PROVINCES.-MEXICO, &C. 


British America is north of the 
United States. It consists of several 
provinces. 

Hudson’s Bay Territory is a very 
large country. It is a very cold coun¬ 
try, and its principal products are the 
furs and skins of wild animals. Most 
of the people who live ■ in it are In¬ 
dians. 

Labrador is a cold, barren country 
on the Atlantic Ocean. 

Questions. —What do the United States and 
other countries form ? What is Greenland ? What 
is its climate ? What is said of its inhabitants ? 
j Where is Russian America ? What is said of its 
climate? People? Where is British America? 
of what.does it consist? What is Hudson’s Bay 
Territory? What are its products? Who live in 
it? What is Labrador ? 

XXXVI. Canada, New Brunswick, Nova 
Scotia, and Newfoundland. 

Upper Canada and Lower Canada 
are south of Hudson’s Bay Territory. 
They are now united in one province. 

The winters are long and cold, hut 
the summers are warm, and vegetation 
grows rapidly. The principal minerals 
are iron and copper. 

Ottawa is the capital. 

Montreal is a large city, with fine 
i wharves and public buildings. 

Quebec is an old French city, and 
the principal port. 

New Brunswick and Nova Scotia 
are smaller provinces, east of Maine. 
They have an abundance of coal. 
The people catch large quantities of 
fish. 


Halifax is an important city where 
many of the ocean steamers stop. 

Newfoundland is a large island 
east of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It 
has a cold climate, and very few people j 
live on it. 

Questions. —Where are Upper and Lower Cana¬ 
da? What is said of them? Of the winters and 
summers ? Vegetation ? Minerals ? Ottawa ? 
Montreal ? Quebec ? 

Where are New Brunswick and Nova Scotia? 
What have they? What is said of the people? 
Halifax ? Newfoundland ? Its climate and people ? 


XXXVII. Mexico and Balize. 

Mexico is south-west of the United 
States, and west of the Gulf of Mexico. 

It is a large country, and has some 
very high mountains, and rich silver 
mines. 

Mexico is the capital. It is a large 
and rich city. 

Balize is a very small country, next 
to Mexico, on the Caribbean Sea. 

Among its productions are indigo, 
mahogany, fruits, and dye-woods. 

Questions. —Where is Mexico? What is said 
of it ? Its capital ? 

What is Balize ? Mention some of its produc¬ 
tions ? 


XXXVIII. Central America and West 
Indies. 

Central America is in the southern 
part of North America. 

It is a very warm country. 

The cochineal insect is obtained here. 
The West India Islands are east 































SOUTH AMERICA. 



BANANAS. 


of the Gulf of Mexico. They have a 


41 


warm climate, and are very produc¬ 
tive. 

The principal products are cotton, 
sugar, coffee, spices, and tropical 
fruits. 

Some of the islands are subject to 
violent storms of wind and rain, called 
hurricanes. 

The steamships from New York to 
the Isthmus of Darien pass near these 
islands. 

Cuba is the largest island. 

Havana is its capital. 

Questions. —Where is Central America? What 
is said of it? What is obtained? Where are the 
West India Islands? What is said of their 
climate? Productions? Of hurricanes? Steam¬ 
ships? Cuba? Havana? 


XXXIX. South America. 

South America comprises the south¬ 
ern part of the Western Continent. 

It contains lofty mountains, large 
rivers, and immense plains and forests. 

There are many volcanoes in the 
Andes. A volcano is a mountain 
which sends forth fire and smoke from 
the top. 

Indigo is produced in the northern 
states. Cayenne pepper and cloves are 
produced in Guiana. India-rubber and 
diamonds are obtained in Brazil. 

Peruvian bark is a production of 
Peru. 



CONDOR. 


The condor, the largest bird that 
flies, is found in South America. 































































































































































SOUTH AMERICA. 


Key to M 

States, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 New Grenada, l. Bogota. 

2 Venezuela, l. Caracas. 

3. Guiana. 1. Georgetown. , 2. New Am¬ 
sterdam. 4. Cayenne. 

4 Brazil, x. RIO Janeiro. 8. Bahia, or St. 

Salvador. 

5 Paraguay. 1. Assumption. 

6 Uruguay. 1 . Montevideo. 

7 Argentine Republic, l. Buenos Ay¬ 

res. 

8 Patagonia. 

9 Chili. 1. Santiago. 6. Valparaiso. 

10 Bolivia, l. Chuquisaca. 

11 Peru. 1. Lima. 8. Cuzco. 

12 Ecuador. 1. Quito. 


A P 


Oceans, Sea, Gulf, Bays, and Strait. 


1 Atlantic Ocean. 

2 Pacific Ocean. 

3 Caribbean Sea. 

10 Blanco Bay. 

12 Bay of St. George. 
19 Gulf of Guayaquil. 
23 Strait of Magellan. 


There are rich mines of gold, silver, 
and copper. 

Brazil is the largest country. 

Questions. —What does South America com¬ 
prise ? What does it contain ? What are in the 
Andes? What is a volcano? Where is indigo 
produced? Cayenne pepper and cloves? What 
are obtained from Brazil and Peru ? What bird is 
found ? What mines ? Which is the largest country? 

XL. New Grenada, Ecuador, and 
Peru are mountainous countries. 


No. 5. 

Islands. 

33 Joannes. 

39 Falkland. 

42 Terra del Fuego. 


Isthmus, Capes, and Mountains. 

52 Isthmus of Darien. 

56 Cape St. Roque. 

61 Cape Horn. 

63 Cape Blanco. 

• 69 Brazilian Mountains. 

71 Andes. 

78 Cotopaxi. 


Rivers, 

93 Orinoco. 

104 Amazon. 

130 Tocantins. 

136 St. Francisco. 

138 Rio de la Plata. 


Questions on the Map of South America. 
—What sea on the north of South America? 
3. Ocean on the east? 1. West? 2. 

Point out and name each country. 1-12. 

Point to the Strait of Magellan. 23. Cape Horn. 
61. Brazilian Mountains. 69. Andes. 71. River 
Orinoco. 93. Amazon. 104. 


V enezuela, Brazil, Paraguay,Uru¬ 
guay, and the Argentine Republic 
contain large plains covered with grass. 
Chili is wholly west of the Andes. 
Patagonia is a cold country, mostly 
barren. 

Rio Janeiro is the most important 
city in South America. 

Questions. —Which are mountainous countries ? 
Which contain plains? What is said of Chili? 
Patagonia ? Rio J aneiro ? 



































.iV'Arn"’ \*: 















































































































EUROPE. 


Key to Map No. 6. 


Countries, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 Norway. 1. Christiania. 

2 Sweden. 1. Stockholm. 

3 Russia. 1. St. Petersburg. 13. Riga. 

20. Moscow. 

4 Lapland. 

5 Poland. 1. Cracow. 2. Warsaw. 

6 Austria. 1. Vienna. 

7 Turkey. 1. Constantinople. 

8 G-reece. l. Athens. 

13 Italy, or Italian States. i. Turin. 

2. Milan. 5. Florence. 6. Rome. 
T. Naples. 

16 France. 1. Paris. 16. Lyons. 20. Mar¬ 

seilles. 

17 Spain. 1. Madrid. 

18 Portugal, l. Lisbon. 

19 England. 1. London. 13. Liverpool. 

20 Wales. 

21 Scotland. 1. Edinburgh. 8. Glasgow. 

22 Ireland. 1. Dublin. 5. Cork. 

23 Belgium, l. Brussels. 

24 Holland. 1. Hague. 2. Amsterdam. 

25 Denmark. 1. Copenhagen. 

26 Prussia. 1. Berlin. 

27 German States, l. Frankfort. 9. 

Hamburg. 

34 Switzerland. 1. Berne. 

-- 

Oceans, Seas, Gulfs, and Bays, 

1 Atlantic Ocean. 

2 Arctic Ocean. 

3 White Sea. 

6 Caspian Sea. 

8 Black Sea. 

11 Archipelago. 

12 Mediterranean Sea. 


13 Adriatic Sea. 

11 Bay of Biscay. 

21 North Sea. 

25 Baltic Sea. 

21 Gulf of Finland. 
28 Gulf of Bothnia. 


Straits and Channel. 

31 Skager Rack. 

40 Strait of Gibraltar. . 

41 English Channel. 

42 Strait of Dover. 


Islands, 

46 Iceland. 
bO Cyprus. 

59 Candia. 

64 Sicily. 

68 Corsica. 

69 Sardinia. 

11 Great Britain. 
18 Ireland. 


Capes. 

109 St. Vincent. 
Ill Ortegal. 

113 Land’s End. 

114 Clear. 


Mountains. 

Ill Scandinavian. 
118 Ural. 

122 Alps. 

124 Apennines. 

131 Pyrenees. 

135 Mount Hecla. 


Lakes. 

142 Onega. 

143 Ladoga. 


















EUROPE. 


Rivers. 

167 Volga. 

186 Danube. 

194 Rhone. 

204 Loire. * 

205 Seine. 

207 Rhine. 


Asia and Africa, on Map of Europe. 

Countries. 

1 Morocco. 

2 Algiers. 

3 Tunis. 

11 Persia. 

13 Turkey. 


XLI. EUROPE. 

Europe is the north-west division 
of the Eastern Continent. People go 
there from America in steamships and 
sailing vessels. 

Europe has an irregular coast, and 
numerous rivers and mountains. 

Norway and Sweden are cold coun¬ 
tries, and produce but few vegetables. 
They are governed by one king. 

Russia is a large, level country. 
The northern part, called Lapland, is 
covered with snow a large part of the 
year. 

The people wrap themselves in furs 
and travel on sledges drawn by rein¬ 
deer. 

Austria contains several different 
states, all governed by one emperor. 
It has very little sea-coast. 


47 


Questions on the Map op Europe. —What 
ocean on the north of Europe ? 2. West? 1. Sea 
on the south? 12. 

Point out and name each country. 1 -34. Point 
out the seas. 3-13, 21, 25. Gulfs. 27, 28. Straits. 
31-42. Islands. 46-78. Mountains. 117-135. 
Rivers. 167-207. Lakes. 142, 143. 

Point out London. Paris. St. Petersburg. 
Rome. 

Name the capital of each country. In what di¬ 
rection from London is Paris ? St. Petersburg ? 
Constantinople? Rome? 

In what direction from Paris is London? Co¬ 
penhagen? Madrid? Rome? 

In what direction from Rome is London? Con¬ 
stantinople ? Vienna ? Lisbon ? 



TRAVELING IN LAPLAND. 


Questions. —What is Europe ? How do people 
go there from America ? 

What is said of its sea-coast? Rivers and 
mountains ? What does it contain ? 

What are Norway and Sweden ? ‘What is said 
of them ? How are they governed ? 

What is Russia? What is said of the northern 
part? How do the people travel? 

What does Austria contain ? What is said of 
the government ? Of the sea-coast ? 























48 


EUROPE. 


XLII. TURKEY, 


Turkey produces silk, wool, and 
fruits. The Turks are an indolent 
people. They wear loose dresses, and 
turbans on their heads. 



TURK. 

Greece is noted for its ruins of tem¬ 
ples and statues. 

Italy has an extensive sea-coast. It 
has a delightful climate, and is the re¬ 
sort of travellers and artists. 

Spain and Portugal are mountain¬ 
ous countries. 

They are productive in the valleys, 
and are noted for their fine fruits, such 
as oranges, lemons, grapes, and olives. 

France is rich in vegetable products, 
and has a great amount of manufac¬ 
tures. 

Wines and silks in large quantities 
are obtained from France. 

Paris is a large and beautiful city. 

Questions.— What does Turkey produce ? What 
is said of the Turks ? 


For what is Greece noted? What has Italy? 
What is said of it ? 

What are Spain and Portugal ? For what are 
they noted? 

What is said of France ? Of wines and silks ? 
Of Paris ? 



XLIII. ENGLAND. 

England is thickly settled, and has 
many cities and large towns. Wales 
is mountainous. 



LAKE AND MOUNTAIN SCENERY. 


- ——— 



















EUROPE. 




HUNTEKS. 


Scotland is noted for its beautiful 
lakes and fine scenery. 

Ireland is a large, fertile island, and 
nearly level. 


49 

London is the largest city in Europe. 
Liverpool is an important seaport. 

Belgium is the most densely popu¬ 
lated country in Europe. 

Holland is a low, level country. 
Denmark is a small kingdom, con¬ 
sisting of a small peninsula and several 
islands. 

Prussia has long been noted for its 
excellent schools. 

Germany consists of a great num¬ 
ber of separate states and kingdoms. 
The Germans are very fond of music. 

Switzerland is very mountainous. 

«/ 

It has no sea-coast. 

Questions. —What is said of England ? Wales ? 
For what is Scotland noted ? 

What is said of Ireland ? London ? Liverpool ? 
What is Belgium ? Holland ? Denmark ? 
What is said of Prussia ? Germany ? The Ger¬ 
mans ? Switzerland ? 


GENERAL QUESTIONS IN REVIEW ON EUROPE AND AMERICA. 


Note. —The following questions are given as an 
{ illustration of a general review, and include Europe 
i and America, that these countries may now be 
considered together. 

# Questions. —What is the difference between a 
plain and a mountain ? Will you mention some 
countries in Europe that are mountainous ? Some 
that are level ? Which of the United States are 
mountainous ? What countries of South America 
contain plains ? 

Would you find valleys in a mountainous or 
level country ? Why ? Are streams of water the 
most abundant in mountainous or level countries? 

What countries in North America are very cold? 
What countries in. Europe have a cold climate? 
Which is the coldest country in South America ? 

How could we go to Europe from America? 


From what large cities in the United States could 
we sail ? At what important seaport in England 
could we land ? 

What ocean would be crossed in going to Europe 
from America ? How long does it take a steam¬ 
ship to go from New York to Liverpool? Ans. 
From ten to fourteen days. 

What fruits could we find in Spain ? What 
could be obtained from France ? What could we 
see in Scotland ? In Greece ? Would you like to go 
to Europe? Which country should you like to 
visit best ? 

What waters would a ship pass through in 
going from Liverpool to Copenhagen ? From 
Liverpool to Constantinople ? What country would 
be crossed in going from Paria to St. Petersburg 
by land ? 























































































ASIA. 


t o Map No. 7. 


Key 

Countries, Capitals, and Chief Towns 

1 Siberia. 2. Irkootsk. 

2 Chinese Tartary. 

3 Corea. 1. Kingkitao. 

4 China. 1. Pekin. 

5 Thibet. 1. Lassa. 

6 Japan. 1. Yeddo. 

7 Farther India. 1. Monchoboo. 2. Hue. 

3. Bangkok. 

8 Hindostail. I. Calcutta. 5. Delhi. 

9 Beloochistan. 1. Kelat. 

10 Afghanistan. 1. Cabool. 

11 Persia. 1. Teheran. 

12 Arabia. 1. Mecca. 

13 Turkey. 1. Smyrna. 

14 Syria. 

15 G-eorgia. 

16 Independent Toorkistan. 


Oceans, Seas, Gulfs, and Bays. 

1 Arctic Ocean. 

2 Pacific Ocean. 

3 Indian Ocean. 

10 Sea of Okhotsk. 

15 Sea of Japan. 

17 Yellow Sea. 

22 Gulf of Siam. 

24 Bay of Bengal. 

26 Arabian Sea. 

30 Persian Gulf. 

32 Red Sea. 

34 Mediterranean Sea. 

37 Black Sea. 

39 Caspian Sea. 


Straits. 

46 Strait of Corea. 

48 Strait of Malacca. 

51 Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb. 


Islands. 

55 Nova Zembla. 
66 Niphon. 

80 Ceylon. 


Peninsulas, Capes, and Isthmus. 

88 Peninsula of Kamtchatka. 

95 Cape Cambodia. 

98 Cape Comorin. 

102 Isthmus of Suez. 


mountains and Deserts. 

103 Ural. 

106 Stanovoi. 

112 Himalaya. 

126 Great Desert of Cobi. 
130 Arabian Desert. 


Lake and Rivers. 

132 Lake Baikal. 

141 Obi. 

145 Yenisei. 

153 Lena. 

161 A MOOR. 

168 Hoang Ho. 

169 Yangtse-Kiang. 
171 Cambodia. 

176 Ganges. 

182 Indus. 


Questions on the Map of Asia. 

What Ocean north of Asia? 1. East? 2. 
South ? 3. 

Point out and name each country. 1-16. Point 
out the Arabian Sea. 26. Bay of Bengal. 24. Caspian 
Sea. 39. Red Sea. 32. Point out the Mountains. 
103-112. Rivers. 141-182. Pekin. Calcutta. 


4. Tobolsk. 
















ASIA. 


52 


XLIV. ASIA. 

Asia is tlie largest grand division, 
and contains more people than all the 
other countries in the world. 

It has a very irregular coast-line; and 
contains many high mountains, broad 
plains, and large rivers. 

Siberia is a large, cold country, with 
few productions. 

China contains the greatest number 
of people. Tea is one of the most im¬ 
portant productions. 



GATH EKING TEA. 


Pekin, the capital, is a very large 
city. 

Japan is a kingdom east of China, 
and is composed entirely of islands. 
Camphor is produced from a tree, 
which grows in Japan. Tea, oranges, 
and other fruits are also productions of 
Japan. 

Hindostan is a rich country, and 
thickly settled. It has many produc¬ 
tions, among which are opium and in¬ 


digo. Diamonds are found in this 
country. Elephants and tigers abound. 



TIGER. 


Persia is noted for the manufacture 
of fine silks, shawls, and carpets. 

Arabia is mostly a desert. Coffee 
and spices are raised in the fertile por¬ 
tions of the country. 

Turkey contains most of the coun¬ 
tries mentioned in the Bible. 

The other countries of Asia are in¬ 
habited principally by roving tribes. 

Questions. —What is Asia? What does it con¬ 
tain ? What is said of the coast-line ? Of the 
surface ? 

What is said of Siberia? Of its productions ? 

What does China contain ? What is the most 
important production ? What is said of Pekin ? 

What is Japan? Of what is it composed ? What 
is produced in Japan ? What are the other pro¬ 
ductions ? 

What is Hindostan ? What is said of it? Of 
its productions? What are found in this country ? 

For what is Persia noted? What is Arabia? 
What are raised in the fertile portions ? 

What does Turkey contain ? By whom are the 
other countries inhabited? 


























AFRICA. 


PALM-TREE. 

XLV. Africa.* 

Africa is south-west of Asia. It has 
water on all sides except at the isthmus 
of Suez, where it joins Asia. 

It has few bays, lakes, or rivers, and 
few high mountains. Much of it is a 
desert. 

Cotton and sugar-cane are raised in 
some of the states. 

The islands produce oranges, mel¬ 
ons, and other fruits. Dates, pome¬ 
granates, and figs are grown in the 
northern states. 

* This page may be studied after the Key to Map 
No. 8. 


The lion, elephant, camel, and ostrich 
are found in'Africa. 

Gold-dust, ivory, and palm oil are 
obtained from most of the states. 


WILD ARAB. 

The people are mostly black or dark- 
colored. The wild Arab roams over 
the country. 

Egypt is one of the most important 
countries in Africa. 

Much of Northern Africa is a desert, 
covered with sand. The fertile spots 
in these deserts are called oases. 

In Southern Africa the land is cul¬ 
tivated, and some of the people own' 
large herds of cattle. 

Questions. —Where is Africa ? By what is it 
surrounded ? What is said of its coast ? What 
has it? What is much of it? 

What animals are found in Africa? What is 
obtained from most of the states ? What is said 
of the people? Of Egypt? Of Northern Africa? 
Of oases ? Of Southern Africa ? 

What are raised in some of the states? What 
do the islands produce ? What are grown in the 
northern states? 






















iprassCTi/, 






^.V y, ^ 


*• 

























































































































AFRICA. 


Key to Map No. 8. 


Countries, Capitals, and Chief Towns. 

1 Morocco. 1. Morocco. 

2 Algiers. 1. Algiers. 

3 Tunis. 1. Tunis. 

4 Beled el Jereed. l. Tooggoort. 

5 Tripoli. 1. Tripoli. 

6 Barca, l. Herne. 

7 Egypt. 1. Cairo. 

8 Nubia. 1. New Dongola. 

9 Abyssinia, l. Gondar. 

10 Adel and Ajan. l. Berbera. 

11 Zanguebar. l. Magadoxo. 

12 Mozambique, l. Mozambique. 

13 Zooloo Country. 

14 Natal. 1. Pietermaritzburg. 

15 Kaffraria- 

16 Bosjesman’s Country. i. Kurri- 

CHANE. 

17 Cape Colony, l. Cape Town 

18 Hottentot Country. 

19 Cimbebas. 

20 Lower Guinea, l. Loango. 

21 Upper Guinea. i. Coomassie. 

22 Liberia, l. Monrovia. 

23 Sierra Leone, i. Freetown. 

24 Senegambia. i. Bathurst. 

25 Fezzan. l- Moorzook. 

26 Soodan. 2. Sego. 3 Timbuctoo. 

27 Ethiopia. 

28 Madagascar. i. Tananarivoo. 


Oceans, Seas, and Gulfs. 

1 Indian Ocean. 

2 Atlantic Ocean. 

3 Mediterranean Sea. 

6 Red Sea. 

14 Gulf of Guinea. 


Straits and Channel. 

19 Strait of Gibraltar. 

20 Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb. 

21 Mozambique Channel. 


Islands. 

39 Cape Verde Islands. 

40 Canary Islands. 


Isthmus and Capes. 

43 Isthmus of Suez. 

53 Good Hope. 

57 Verde. 


Mountains and Desert. 

61 Atlas. 

63 Kong. 

74 Sahara Desert. 


Rivers. 

92 Nile. 

102 Zambeze. 

110 Niger. 

Questions on the Map of Africa.— Wbat sea 
north of Africa? 3. £ast? 6. What ocean 
east ? 1. West ? 2. What desert in the northern 

part? 74. Point out Morocco. 1. Algiers. 2. 
Egypt. 7. Ethiopia. 27. The River Nile. 92. 
Niger. 110. 




































































































































































OCEANIC A. 

Key to M 

Oceans. 

1 Pacific Ocean. 

2 Indian Ocean. 

Islands. 

1 Polynesia. 

9 Sandwich Islands. 

15 Marquesas Islands. 

24 Society Islands. 

32 Feejee Islands. 

34 Central Archipelago. 

42 Caroline Islands. 

51 Ladrone Islands. 

2 Australasia. 

52 Australia. 

2. Sidney. 3. Melbourne. 

55 New Guinea. 

a p No. 9 . 

60 New Georgia. 

65 New Caledonia. 

67 New Zealand. 

72 Van Diemen’s Land. 

8 Malaysia. 

73 Sumatra. 

75 Java. 

76 Borneo. 

77 Celebes. 

79 Philippine Islands. 

Gulf and Straits. 

95 Gulf of Carpentaria. 

105 Torres. 

106 Bass. 

Questions on the Map of Oceanica.— In ^yhat 
ocean is most of Oceanica? Point out and name 
the principal islands. 

XLVI. Occanica. 

The people are dark-colored, and 

Oceanica is a large division south¬ 

many of them very degraded. 

east of Asia and west of America. It 

Most of the islands belong to Eng¬ 

consists entirely of islands. The larg¬ 

land, Spain, or Holland. 

est of these is Australia. 

Questions.— What is Oceanica ? Where is it ? 

Of what does it consist? What is the largest 

The climate is warm, but generally 

healthy. 

island ? What is said of the climate ? What are 

Cotton, grain, and tobacco are raised 
on most of the islands. On some of 

raised on most of the islands? What grow on 

some of them ? What is said of the people ? To 

them the cocoa-nut, bread-fruit, and 
yams grow in abundance. 

whom do the islands belong ? 























58 


GENERAL QUESTIONS.-PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


GENERAL QUESTIONS IN REVIEW ON ASIA, AFRICA, AND 

OCEANICA. 


Questions. —Through what oceans would a ship 
pass in going from New York to Calcutta? In 
what country is Calcutta? What are found in 
Hindostan ? 

Which way from Hindostan is China? What is 
one of its most important productions ? What are 
raised in Arabia ? 

Which way from Asia is Africa ? What sea be¬ 


tween Africa and Asia ? Where is Egypt ? What 
animals are found in Africa ? 

Of what does Oceanica consist? What is its 
climate ? Productions ? 

Did you ever see any people from Asia ? From 
Africa? 

Mention some articles which come from Asia. 
From Africa. 


PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 


. KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS. 

Fate, far, fall, fat Mete, met, her—Pine, pit—Note, not—Tube, tub, full. Long vowels ending a 
syllable, and short ones followed by a consonant, are not marked. 


1. STATES AND COUNTRIES. 



North America. 

Alabama, 

al-a-ba'-ma. 

Arizona, 

ar-i-zo'-na. 

Arkansas, 

ar-kan'-sas. 

America, 

a-mer'-i-ka. 

Balize, 

ba-leez'. 

California, 

kal-i-for'-ni-a. 

Canada, 

kan'-a-da. 

Carolina, 

kar-o-li'-na. 

Colorado, 

kol-o-ra'-do. 

Columbia, 

ko-lum'-be-a. 

Connecticut, 

kon-net'-i-kut. 

Dakota, 

da-ko'-ta. 

Delaware, 

del'-a-war. 

Florida, 

flor'-i-da. 

Georgia, 

jor'-je-a. 

Greenland, 

green'-land. 

Idaho, 

id-a-ho'. 

Illinois, 

il'-le-noi'. 

Indiana, 

in'-de-an'-a. 

Indian, 

in'-de-an. 

Iowa, 

i'-o-wa. 


Kansas, 

Kentucky, 

Labrador, 

Louisiana, 

Maine, 

Maryland, 

Massachusetts, 

Mexico, 

Michigan, 

Minnesota, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, 

Nebraska, 

Nevada, 

New Brunswick, 
New Hampshire, 
New Jersey, 
New York, 

Nova Scotia, 
Ohio, 

Oregon, 
Pennsylvania, 
Rhode Island, 
Tennessee, 
Texas, 


kan'-sas. 

ken-tuck'-e. 

lab'-ra-dor. 

loo-ee-ze-ah'-na. 

mane. 

ma'-re-land. 

mas'-sa-chu'-sets. 

mex'-i-ko. 

mish'-e-gan. 

min'-ne-so'-ta. 

mis'-sis-sip'-pe. 

mis-soo'-re. 

ne-bras'-ka. 

ne-va'-da. 

nu bruns'-wik. 

nu hamp'-shir. 

nu jer'-ze. 

nu york'. 

no'-va sko'-she-a. 

o-hi'-o. 

or'-e-gon. 

pen-sil-va'-ne-a. 

rod I'-land. 

ten'-nes-se'. 

tex'-as. 
























PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


59 


United States, 

u-ni'-ted states. 

Utah, 

yoo'-tA. 

Vermont, 

ver-mont'. 

Virginia, 

ver-jin'-e-a. 

Washington, 

wAsh'-ing-tun. 

Wisconsin, 

wis-kon'-sin. 

South America. 

Argentine Republic, ar'-ien-teen. 

Bolivia, 

bo-le'-vi-a. 

Brazil, 

bra-zil'. 

Chili, 

chil'-le. 

Ecuador, 

ek-wA-dor\ 

Guiana, 

ghe-A'-nA. 

New Granada, 

grA-nA'-da. 

Paraguay, 

pA-rA-gwA'. 

Patagonia, 

pA-tA-g&'-ne-a. 

Peru, 

pe-roo'. 

Uruguay, 

oo-roogwu. 

Venezuela, 

ven'-ez-wee'-la. 

Europe. 

Austria, 

Belgium, 

As'-tre-a. 

bel'-je-um. 

Denmark, 

den'-m Ark. 

England, 

ing'-gland. 

France, 

frAns. 

Germany, 

jer'-ma-ne. 

Greece, 

gr^s. 

Holland, 

Ireland, 

hoi'-land. 

Ire'-land. 

Italy, 

it'-a-le. 

Lapland, 

Norway, 

lap'-land. 
nor'-wA. 

Poland, 

po'-land. 

Portugal, 

por'-tu-gal. 

Prussia, 

proo'-she-a. 

roo'-she-a. 

Russia, 

Scotland, 

skot'-land. 

Spain, 

spAne 

swe'-den. 

Sweden, 

Switzerland, 

swit'-zer-land. 

Turkey, 

tur'-ke. 

Wales, 

wAlz. 

Asia. 

Afghanistan, 

Af-gAn’-is-tAn'. 

Arabia, 

a-rA'-be-a. 

Bf.loochistan, 

bel-oo-kis-tAn'. 

China, 

ohi'-na. 

Tartary, 

tar'-ta-re. 

Corea, 

ko-re'-a. 

Farther India, 

in'-de-a. 

Georgia, 

jor'-je-a. 

hin'-doo-stan'. 

Hixdostan, 


Japan, 

Persia, 

jA-pan'. 

per'-she-a. 

Siberia, 

sl-be'-re-a. 

Thibet, 

tib'-et. 

Toorkistan, 

toor'-kis-tan'. 

Turkey. 

tur'-ke. 

Africa. 

Abyssinia, 

ab'-is-sin'-e-a. 

Adel, 

A'-dAl. 

Ajan, 

A-zhan'. 

Algiers, 

Al-jeerz'. 

Barca, 

bAr'-ka. 

Beled el Jereed, 

be-l&d el jer-ee< 

Bosjesman’s, 

bos'-yes-mAnz'. 

Cape Colony, 

kAp kol'-o-ne. 

Cimbebas, 

sim-bA'-bas. 

Egypt, 

e'-jipt. 

Ethiopia, 

e'-theo'-pe-a. 

Fezzan, 

f£z'-zAn'. 

Guinea. 

ghin'-ne. 

Hottentot. 

hot'-ten-tot. 

Kaffraria, 

kAf-frA'-re-a. 

Liberia, 

li-be'-re-a. 

.Morocco, 

mo-rok'-ko. 

Mozambique, 

rao-zam-beek'. 

Natal, 

nA-tAl. 

Nubia, 

nu'-be-a 

Senegambia, 

sAn-e-gam'-be-i’ 
se er'-ra le-o'-n 

Sierra Leone, 

Soodan, 

soo'-dan'. 

Tripoli, 

trip'-o-le. 

tu'-nis. 

Tunis, 

Zanguebar, 

zAng'-gha-bar'. 

Zooloo, 

zoo'-loo. 

2. CITIES AND TOWNS. 

North America. 

Acapulco, 

ak-a-pul'-ko. 

Albany, 

al'-ba-ne. 

Annapolis, 

an-nap’-o-lis. 

as-to'-re-a. 

Astoria, 

Augusta, 

au-gus’-ta. 

Austin, 

aus'-tin. 

Balize, 

ba-leez'. 

Baltimore, 

bAl'-ti-more. 

Baton Rouge, 

bA-ton roozh'. 

Boston, 

bos'-tun. 

Brooklyn, 

brook'-lin. 

Buffalo, 

buf '-fa lo. 

Cairo, 

ki'-ro. 

Carson City, 

kAr'-sun sit'-e. 

Charleston, 

chArlz'-tun. 

Chicago, 

she-ka'-go. 



















60 PRONOUNCING 


Cincinnati. 

sin'-sin-na'-te. 

Cleveland, 

kleve'-land 

Columbia,. 

ko-lum'-be-a 

Columbus, 

ko-lum'-bus 

Concord, 

kon'-kord. 

Denver City, 

den'-ver sit'-o. 

Des Moines, 

de-moin'. 

Detroit, 

de-troit' 

Dover, 

do'-ver 

Dubuque, 

Fillmore City, 

du-book'. 

fil'-niore sit’-e 

Frankfort, 

frank'-fort 

Fredericton, 

fred'-er-ik-tun. 

Halifax, 

hal'-i-fax. 

Harrisburg, 

har'-ris-burg. 

Hartford, 

hart'-ford. 

Havana, 

ha-van'-a. 

Indianapolis, 

in-de-an-ap'-o-lis. 

Jackson, 

. jak'-sun. 

Jefferson City, 

jef'-fer-sun sit'-e. 

Lansing, 

lan'-sing. 

Lafayette, 

la-fa-et'. 

Little Rock, 

lit'-tle rok. 

Louisville, 

loo'-is-vil. 

Madison, 

mad'-i-sun 

Mazatlan, 

maz-&t-lan’. 

Matamoras, 

ma-ta-mo'-ras. 

Memphis, 

mem'-fis. 

Mexico, 

mex'-i-ko. 

Milledgeville, 

mii'-ej-vil. 

Milwaukee, 

mil-wa'-ke.- 

Mobile, 

mo-beel'. 

Monterey, 

mon-ti-ra'. 

Montgomery, 

mont-gum'-er-e. 

Montpelier, 

mont-peel'-yer. 

Montreal, 

mon-tre-al'. 

Nashville, 

nask'-vil. 

Natchez, 

natch'-ez. 

Newark, 

nu'-ark. 

New Guatimala, 

nu gwa-ti-ma'-ll 

New Haven, 

nu ha'-ven. 

New Orleans, 

nu' or'-leans. 

Newport, 

nu'-port. 

New York, 

nu york'. 

Norfolk, 

nor'-folk. 

Olympia, 

o-lim'-pe-a. 

Omaha City, 

o-ma'-ha sit'-o. 

Ottawa, 

ot'-ta-wA 

Pacific City. 

pa-sif’-ik sit'-e. 

Philadelphia, 

fil-a-del'-fb-a. 

Pittsburg, 

pits'-burg. 

Portland, 

port'-land. 

Providence, 

prov'-i-dens. 

Quebec, 

kwe-bek'. 

Raleigh, 

ra'-le. 

Richmond. 

rieh'-mund. 

Rochester, 

roch'-es-ter. 


VOCABULARY. 


Sacramento, 

sak-ra-men'-to. 

Salem, 

sa'-lem. 

Salt Lake City, 

salt lake sit'-e. 

San Francisco. 

san fran-sis'-ko. 

San Luis Potosi, 

san loo'-is po-to'-se. 

Santa Fe, 

san-ta fa'. 

San Salvador, 

san sa-l'-va-dor. 

Savannah, 

sa-van'-na. 

Sitka, ’ 

sit'-ka. 

Springfield, Mass 

, spring'-field. 

Springfield, Ill, 

spring'-field. 

St. John’s, 

sant jonz. 

St. Louis, 

s&nt loo'-is. 

St. Paul, 

sant paul'. 
ta-le'-kwa. 

Tahlequah, 

Tallahassee, 

tal-la-has'-se. 

Topeka, 

to-pe'-ka. 

Toronto, 

to-ron'-to. 

Trenton, 

tren'-ton. 

Upernavik, 

oo-per-na'-vik. 

Vera Cruz, 

va-ra-krooz'. 

Washington, 

w&sh'-ing-tun. 

Wheeling, 

wheel'-ing. 

Yancton, 

yank'-tun. 

South America. 

Assumption, 

as-sump'-shun. 

ba-e'-a. 

Bahia, 

Bogota, 

bo-go-ta'. 
bo'-no a'-riz. 

Buenos Ayres, 

Caracas, 

ka-ra'-kas. 

Cayenne, 

ki-en'. 

Chuquisaca, 

choo-kewsa'-ka. 

Cuzco, 

kuz'-ko. 

Georgetown, 

jorj'-town. 

Lima, 

le'-ma. 

Montevideo, 

mon-te-vid'-e-o. 

New Amsterdam, 

nu am'-ster-dam. 

Quito, 

ke'-to. 

Rio Janeiro, 

ri'-o ja-ne'-ro. 

Santiago, 

san-te-^'-go. 

St. Salvador, 

sbnt sal'-va-dor. 

Valparaiso, 

val-pa-rl'-zo. 

Europe. 

Amsterdam, 

am-ster-d&m'. 

Athens, 

ath'-enz 

Berlin, 

ber'-lin. 

Berne, 

bern. 

Brussels, 

brus-selT. 

Christiana, 

kris-te4n'-a. 

Constantinople, 

kon-stan-te-no'-pl. 

Copenhagen, 

ko-pen-ha'-gen. 

Cork, 

kork. 














PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


61 


Cracow, 

Dublin, 

Edinburgh, 

Florence, 

Frankfort, 

Glasgow, 

‘ Hague, 
Hamburg, 
Lisbon, 
Liverpool, 
London, 

Lyons, 

Madrid, 

Marseilles, 

Milan, 

Moscow, 

Naples, 

Paris, 

Riga, 

Rome, 

St. Petersburg, 
Stock iiolm, 
Turin, 

Vienna, 

Warsaw, 


Bangkok, 

Cabool, 

Calcutta, 

Canton, 

Delhi, 

Hue, 

Irkootsk, 

Kelat, 

King kit ao, 

Lassa, 

Mecca, 

Monciioboo, 

Peking, 

Smyrna, 

Teheran, 

Tobolsk, 

Yeddo, 


Algiers, 

Bathurst, 

Berbera, 

Cairo, 

Cape Town, 

Coomassie, 

Deene, 

Freetown, 

Gondar, 

Kurrichane, 


kra'-ko. 

dub'-lin. 

ed'-in-bur-ruh. 

flor'-ens. 

frank'-furt. 

glas'-go. 

haig. 

liam'-burg. 

liz'-bun. 

liv'-er-pooL 

lun'-dun. 

li'-onz. 

raa-drid'. 

mar-s&lz'. 

inil'-an. 

mos'-ko. 


Loango, 

Magadoxo, 

Monrovia, 

Moorzook, 

Morocco, 

Mozambique, 

New Dongola, 

Pietermaritzburg, 

Sego, 

Tananarivoo, 

Timbuctoo, 

Tooggoort, 

Tripoli, 

Tunis, 


lo-ang'-go. 

mag-a-dox'-o. 

mon-ro'-ve-a.. 

moor*zook'. 

mo-rok'-ko. 

mo-zam-beek'. 

nu don'-go-la. 

pe-ter-mar'-itz-burg. 

se'-go. 

tH-na-na re-voo'. 

tim-buk'-too. 

toog-goort'. 

trip'-o-le. 

tu'-nis. 


Oceanica. 


na'-plz. 

pa'-ris. 

re'-ga. 


Melbourne, me!-bum. 

Sydney, sid'-ne 


rome. 


pe'-terz-burg. 

stok'-bom. 

tu'-rin. 

ve-en'-na. 


war'-saw. 


Asia. 

ban-kok'. 

kab-obl'. 

kal-kut'-td. 

kan'-ton. 

del'-le. 

hoo'-a. 

er-kootsk'. 

ke-lit'. 

king-ke-ta'-o. 

las'-sa. 

mek'-ka. 

mon-cho-boo'. 

pe-king'. 

smur'-na. 

te-her-un'. 

to-bolsk'. 

yed'-do. 

Africa. 

2.1-jeerz'. 

bath'-urst. 

ber'-be-ra. 

ki'-ro. 

kape town. 

koo mas'-se. 

deen. 

fre'-town. 

gon'-dar. 

kur-re-ka'-na. 


3. OCEANS, SEAS, GULFS, AND BAYS. 


Adriatic, 

Albemarle, 

Arabian, 

Archipelago, 

Arctic, 

Atlantic, 

Baltic, 

Bengal, 

Biscay, 

Black, 

Blanco, 

Bothnia, 

California, . 

Carpentaria, 

Caribbean, 

Caspian, 

Chesapeake, 

Delaware, 

Finland, 

Fundy, 

Guayaquil, 

Guinea, 

Hudson, 

Indian, 

James’s, 

Japan, 

Long Island, 
Massachusetts, 
Mediterranean, 
Mexico, 

NoRTn, 

Okhotsk, 

Pacific, 

Pamlico, 

Persian, 


ad'-re-at'-ik. 

al'-be-in&rl. 

ar-a'-be-an. 

ar-ke-pel'-a-go. 

Ark'-tik. 

at-lan'-tik. 

bill'-tik. 

ben-gal'. 

bis'-ka. 

blak. 

bl&n'-ko. 

both'-ne-a. 

kal-e-for'-ne-a. 

kiir-pen-tiV-re-a. 

kar-rib-be'-an. 

k&s'-pe-an. 

ches'-a-peek. 

del'-a-ware. 

fin'-land. 

fun'-de. 

gwi-4-keel'. 

gin'-e. 

hud'-sun. 

in'-de-an. 

jim'-zez. 

jap-an'. 

long i'-land. 

mas-sa-chu'-sets. 

med-it-er-ra'-ne-an. 

mex'-i-ko. 

north. 

o-kotsk'. 

pa-sif '-ik. 

pam'-li-ko. 

per'-zhan. 















PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY 


62 


Red, 

red. 

Siam, 

si'-am. 

Southern, 

suth'-urn. 

St. George, 

sant jorj. 

St. Lawrence,. 

s&nt law'-rens. 

Yellow, 

yel'-low. 

"White, 

white. 

4. STRAITS AND CHANNELS. 

Babel Mandeb, 

bab-el-man'-deb. 

Bass, 

bass. 

Behring’s, 

be'-ringz. 

Bellisle, 

bel-ile'. 

Corea, 

ko-re'-a. 

Davis, 

da'-vis. 

Dover, 

do'-ver. 

English, 

ing'-glish. 

Florida, 

flor'-e-da. 

Gibraltar, 

je-bral'-ter. 

Magellan, 

ma-jel'-lan. 

Malacca, 

ma-lak'-ka. 

Mozambique, 

mo-zam-beek'. 

Ormus, 

or'-mus. 

Skager Rack, 

skag'-er-rak. 

tor'-res. 

Torres, 

Yucatan, 

yu-ka-tan'. 

5, 

. ISLANDS. 

North America. 

Bahama, 

ba-ha'-ma. 

Baring, 

ba'-ring. 

Cape Breton, 

kap brit'-un. 

Cuba, 

ku'-ba. 

Florida Keys, 

flor'-i-da keez. 

Greenland, 

green'-land. 

Hayti, 

lia'-te. • 

Iceland, 

ise'-land. 

Long, 

long. 

N E WFOUNDL AND, 

Prince Edward, 

nu'-fund-land. 

prins ed'-ward. 

South America. 

Falkland, 

falk'-land. 

Joannes, 

jo-an'-nez. 

Terra del Fuego. 

ter-ra del fwa'-go. 

Europe. 

Candta, 

kan'-de-a.. 

Corsica, 

kor'-se-ka. 

Cyprus, 

si'-prus. 

Great Britain, 

grate brit'-en. 


Iceland, 

ise'-land. 

Ireland, 

ire'-land. 

Sardinia, 

sar-din'-e-a. 

Sicily, 

sis'-i-le. 


Asia. 

Ceylon, 

se-lon'. 

Cyprus, 

si'-prus. 

Niphon, 

ni-fon'. 

Nova Zembla, 

no'-va zem'-bla. 

Saghalien, 

sil-ga-le'-en. 

Sumatra, 

soo-ma'-tra. 

Yesso, 

yes'-so. 


Africa. 

Canary, 

ka-na'-re. 

Cape Yerde, 

k&p verd. 

Madagascar, 

mad-a-gas'-kir 


Oceanica. 

Australasia, 

aus-tral-a'-sho-a. 

Australia, 

aus-tra'-ie-a. 

Borneo, 

bor'-ne-o. 

Caroline, 

kar'-o-lin. 

Celebes, 

sel'-e-bes. 

Central, 

sen'-tral. 

Feejee, 

fe'-je. 

Java, 

ja'-va. 

Ladrone, 

lad-ron'. 

Malaysia, 

mal-a'-she-a 

Marquesas, 

mar-ka'-sas. 

New Caledonia, 

nu kal'-e-do'-ni-a. 

New Georgia, 

nu jor'-je-a. 

New Guinea, 

nu gin'-e. 

New Zealand, 

nu ze'-land. ' 

Philippine, 

fil'-ip-pin. 

Polynesia, 

pol-e-ne'-she-a. 

Sandwich, 

sand'-wieh. 

Society, 

so-si'-e-te. 

Sumatra, 

soo-ma'-tra. 

Yan Diemen’s Land, van-de'-menz. 

6. PENINSULAS, ISTHMUSES, AND 


CAPES. 

North America. 

Barrow, 

Mr'-ro. 

California, 

kal-i-for'-ni-a. 

Charles, 

charlz. 

Cod, 

kod. 

Darien, 

da-re-en'. 

Farewell, 

fare-wel'. 

Hatter as, 

hat'-ter-as. 

Henry, 

lien'-re. 































PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


May, 

mi. 

Nova Scotia, 

no'-va sko'-she-a. 

Race, 

ris. 

Sable, 

si'-bl. 

Yucatan, 

yoo-ka-tan'. 

South America. 

Blanco, 

blan'-ko. 

Darien, 

da'-re-en. 

Horn, 

horn. 

St. Roque, 

sint rok. 


Europe. 

Clear, 

kl&r. 

Land’s End, 

landz end. 

Ortegal, 

or-ta-gal'. 

St. Vincent, 

sint vin'-sent. 


Asia. 

Cambodia, 

kam-bo'-de-a. 

Comorin, 

kom'-o-rin. 

Kamtchatka, 

k&m-cliit'-ki. 

Suez, 

soo'-ez. 


Africa. 

Good Hope, 

good hop. 

Verde, 

verd. 

Suez, 

soo'-ez. 

7. 

MOUNTAINS. 

North America. 

Alleghany, 

al'-le-ga-ne. 

Blue Ridge, 

blu rij. 

Cascade. 

kas'-kid. 

Cumberland, 

kum'-ber-land. 

Green, 

green. 

Rocky, 

rok'-e. 

Sierra Nevada, 

se-er'-ra ne-vi'-da. 

White, 

white. 

South America. 

Andes, 

an'-dez. 

Cotopaxi, 

ko-to-pax'-e. 

Brazilian, 

bra-zeel'-yan. 


Europe. 

Alps, 

alps. 

Apennines, 

ap'-en-ninz. 

Mt. Hecla, 

hek'-la. 

Pyrenees, 

pir'-en-eez. 

Scandinavian, 

skan-de-na'-ve-an. 

Ural, 

yoo'-ral. 


Asia. 


Altai, 

il'-ti. 

Himalaya, 

him-a-li'-a. 

Stanovoi, 

stan-o-voi'. 

Tiiian Shan, 

te'-in shan'. 

Ural, 

yoo'-ral. 


Africa. 

Atlas, 

at'-las. 

Kong, 

kong. 


8. DESERTS. 


Asia, 

Arabian, 

a-ra'-be-an. 

Cobi, 

ko'-be. 


Africa. 

Sahara, 

sa-ha'-ra. 


9. LAKES. 

North America. 

Champlain, 

Erie, 

Great Salt, 
Great Slave, 

sham-plin'. 

e'-re. 

great salt, 
great slave, 
hu'-ron. 

Huron, 

Michigan, 

mish'-e-gan. 

Ontario, 

on-ta'-re-o. 

Superior, 

su-pe'-re-ur. 

Winnipeg, 

win'-i-peg. 


Europe. 

Ladoga, 

la-do'-ga. 

Onega, 

o-ne'-ga. 


Asia. 

Baikal, 

bi'-kal. 


10. RIVERS. 

North America. 

Abbitibbee, 

ab-be-tib'-e. 

Alleghany, 

al'-le-ga-ne. 

Altamaiia, 

il-ta-ma-ha'. 

Appalaciiicola, 

ap-pa-la-che-] 

Arkansas, 

ir-kan'-sas. 

Colorado, Tex., 

kol-o-ri'-do. 

Colorado, Cal., 

kol-o-ra'-do. 

Columbia, 

ko-lum'-be-a 

















64 


PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY. 


South America. 

Amazon, am'-a-zon. 

Orinoco, o-re-no'-ko. 


Rio de la Plata, 
St. Francisco, 
Tocantins, 


Danube, 

Loire, 

Rhine, 

Rhone, 

Seine, 

Volga, 


re-o-da-la-pla'-ta. 
sant fran-sis'-ko. 
to-kan'-teens. 

Europe. 

dan'-ube. 

Mr. 

rine. 

rone. 

sane.' 

vol'-ga. 

Asia. 


Connecticut, 

Cumberland, 

Del aav a re, 

Fast Main, 

Great Pedee, 
Hudson, 

Illinois, 

James, 

Kansas, 

Kennebec, 

Kentucky, 

Mackenzie, 

Merrimac, 

Mississippi, 

Missouri, 

Mobile, 

Monongaiiela, 

Nebraska, 

Niagara, 

Ohio, 

Oitaava, 

Penobscot, 

Potomac, 

Red, 

Rio Grande, Mex, 
Roanoke, 

Sabine, 

Sacramento, 

Santee, 

Savannah, 

St. John, 

St. Laavrence, 
Susquehanna, 
Tennessee, 
Wabash, 


kon-net'-i-kut. 

kum'-ber-land. 

del'-a-Avare. 

east main. 

grate pe-de'. 

hud'-sun. 

il'-le-noi. 

jamz. 

kan'-zaz. 

ken-ne-bek'. 

ken-tuk'-e. 

mak-ken'-ze. 

mer'-ri-mak. 

mis-sis-sip'-pi. 

mis-soo'-re. 

mo-beel'. 

mo-non-ga-he'*la. 

ne-bras'-ka. 

ni-ag'-a-ra. 

o-hi'-o. 

ot'-ta-wa. 

pe-nob'-skot. 

po-to'-mak. 

red. 

ri-o-grand'. 

ro-an-oke'. 

sa-been'. 

sak-ra-men'-to. 

san-te'. 

sa-van'-na. 

sant jon. 

sant laAv'-rens. 

sus-kwe-han'*na. 

ten-nes-se'. 

wa-bash. 


Amoor, 

Cambodia, 

Ganges, 

Hoang Ho, 
Indus, 

Lena, 

Obi. 

Yangtse Kiang, 
Yenisei, 


a-moor 

kam-bo'-de-a. 

gan'-jez. 

ho-ang' ho. 

in'-dus. 

le'-na. 

o'-be. 

vang-tse ke-ang'. 
yen-e-sa'-e. 


Niger, 

Nile, 

Zambeze, 


Africa. 


m jer. 
nile. 

zam-be' ze. 



a 











































































































































































































































































































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